Pharmacies serve a critically important function in our health care system as prescription medication use is more widespread than ever.
Around 5 billion prescriptions get filled every year in the U.S. The average pharmacist fills hundreds or even thousands of prescriptions every day and this responsibility involves more than just counting out pills.
There are more prescriptions than ever. There are also more medication error mistakes and lawsuits in Baltimore than there have ever been. This post gives you the inside story of what you can expect in pharmacy error lawsuits in Baltimore.
This page will look at medical malpractice cases involving pharmacy errors and the settlement value of these claims.
Most Common Medication Errors
Medication mistakes and errors are unavoidable. There are so many ways mistakes can be made:
- giving the wrong medication
- giving an incorrect quality
- giving an expired drug
- typing the wrong instructions
- drug giving the wrong dosage
- giving another patient’s prescription
- not catching an obvious doctor’s error
Many of these errors result from a system that is made unnecessarily complex. Prescriptions are a nightmare. It can take up to 20 steps to get a simple order filled. That creates too many possibilities for something to go wrong. The simplicity of the old days and the local pharmacy were much safer.
It is not just the pharmacist or the doctor that can make a mistake. While pharmacists are ultimately responsible for all prescriptions, technicians are a crucial part of the dispensing process. Sometimes it is the technician that makes the key error that leads to a lawsuit. You see a lot of technician errors in Baltimore because our pharmacies seem to have such a high rate of turnover.
Most Common Medications in Malpractice Cases
The most common medication errors involve:
- Insulin (we settled an insulin case for $3.7 million)
- Chemotherapy
- Opiates/PCA
- Anticoagulants (heparin and Coumadin)
- Concentrated solutions of KCl and potassium phosphate
- NaCl solutions above 0.9%
Pharmacy Error Statistics
The statistics on medication errors are stunning. There are between three and four million dispensing errors made every year. Most are harmless. But over a million people are hurt and 100,000 people die. These errors also cause an economic toll that may be as high as $72 billion a year.
It is estimated that the overall dispensing accuracy rate in pharmacies is 98.3%. This translates to 12 errors for every 1000 prescriptions. There is a need for every community/ambulatory pharmacy to find a way to control risk in order to prevent, identify, and mitigate harm from these errors. Because too many people are getting hurt and killed.
As a result, pharmacy error cases are more frequently the subject of litigation.
What Duties to Pharmacies Owe to Patients?
Pharmacies can have several legal responsibilities beyond just dispensing the correct type and number of pills on a prescription. A pharmacist’s specific legal obligations to patients vary in each state. Several states continue to follow the older view that a pharmacist’s only duty is to follow the doctor’s instructions on a prescription.
This essentially means that a pharmacist can be sued only for incorrectly filling a prescription (e.g., wrong medication, wrong dosage, etc.). Most states, however, have adopted a more expansive view of what a pharmacist is legally responsible for. Under this broader view, a pharmacist’s legal duties extend beyond accurate prescription filling and can potentially include:
- Evaluating the efficacy and safety of prescriptions in light of a patient’s medical history
- Affirmatively warning of potential medication side effects
- Cross-checking patient’s medications from all providers for adverse interactions
- Consulting with patients about medications
The extent to which these duties are applicable varies significantly from state to state. The bottom line is that broader duty under state law subjects pharmacies to greater liability.
What Else Do Pharmacies Get Sued For?
Pharmacies and pharmacists are considered health care providers and can be sued for malpractice, much like doctors and hospitals. Although pharmacies can potentially be sued for any breach of a duty owed to a patient, pharmacy lawsuits tend to fall primarily into the following common categories:
Drug Interactions
There are certain prescription drugs that can dangerously interact when they are taken together at the same time. Doctors and pharmacists are well aware of most of these potentially dangerous drug interactions. Pharmacies are responsible for identifying and avoiding potentially harmful drug interactions.
Most pharmacies have computer systems that automatically detect and flag potentially unsafe drug interactions. Certain prescription drugs can also have adverse interactions when taken in combination with particular foods or alcohol.
Drugs can also have adverse interactions when taken by patients with certain medical conditions. Pharmacies regularly get sued for failing to properly identify and avoid potentially adverse drug interactions.
Dispensing the Wrong Drug
These types of cases occur when the pharmacy fills a prescription with the wrong drug (i.e., not the drug that the doctor actually prescribed). This sort of error happens much more than you would expect and can result from any number of things. Probably the most common cause that gets pharmacists sues is handwriting errors where the pharmacy misreads a doctor’s handwritten prescription. Another wrong medication lawsuit cause when dispensing the wrong medication is drug name confusion. Many prescription drugs have confusingly similar brand names.
One notable example of this type of brand name confusion occurred with the epilepsy drug Lamictal and a popular antifungal drug named Lamisil. The name confusion between these drugs caused enough issues that the FDA and drugmaker had to publish warning letters. Most of the time, dispensing the wrong drug results in little or no harm to the patient. There are circumstances, however, when dispensing the wrong drug can have serious, life-threatening consequences.
In Maryland, there was a brain injury lawsuit filed in 2018 alleging that a nurse mistakenly administered Epinephrine instead of Ephedrine. The drugs not only sound similar, but they have similar pharmacology. But the potency of the drugs is very different. Allegedly, it led to an awful brain injury in this case.
Calculating Pharmacy Error Settlement Amounts
In pharmacy malpractice lawsuits, settlement amounts are calculated based on too many factors to count. But in most cases, there are reoccurring threads of the key factors that drive pharmacy settlement payouts. The following are key considerations that influence the settlement amount:
- Severity of the Injury: The extent of harm caused by the pharmacy error is a primary driver of settlement value. Injuries range from temporary discomfort to severe, life-altering conditions like organ damage, brain injury, or even death. Lawsuits involving more severe injuries typically result in higher settlements because they demand substantial compensation for medical expenses, pain, and suffering. For example, a misdispensed chemotherapy drug that leads to organ failure will have a significantly higher settlement amount than a case where a mild reaction occurs from a mislabeled antibiotic.
- Long-Term Health Effects and Future Medical Needs: Settlement amounts also reflect the long-term or permanent effects of the injury. If a pharmacy error causes a chronic condition or permanent disability, the compensation will factor in the costs of ongoing medical treatments, rehabilitation, and any assistive devices the patient may need. Future health care expenses, such as regular doctor visits, medications, and possible surgeries, are projected to calculate the compensation needed to cover these expenses for the foreseeable future. Additionally, if the patient’s injury limits their ability to work, the settlement may include compensation for lost future earnings.
- Impact on Quality of Life: The extent to which the pharmacy error impacts the patient’s day-to-day life is another critical factor. Severe injuries that limit mobility, cognitive function, or the ability to perform everyday tasks lead to larger settlements due to the impact on the patient’s quality of life. Courts also consider the pain and suffering endured as a result of the injury, and this non-economic damage component will greatly increase the settlement amount, especially if the injury leads to long-term discomfort or emotional distress.
- Strength of Evidence Proving Pharmacy Error: We have this factor fourth, but it really should be the first. It all starts with being able to prove negligence. Establishing that the pharmacy error directly caused the injury is essential for a successful malpractice claim. The strength of evidence—such as prescription records, witness testimony, and expert analysis—determines the likelihood of winning the case if it goes to trial. Solid, well-documented evidence showing the pharmacy’s mistake (e.g., providing the wrong medication or dosage) strengthens the claim, encouraging higher settlement offers made early in the case. Conversely, cases where causation is unclear, you will see the pharmacy stay in the case and fight.
- Your Lawyer: An experienced pharmacy malpractice lawyer matters if you want to maximize the value of your claim. The best lawyer will significantly increase the expected settlement amount by effectively building a compelling case that demonstrates the full extent of the pharmacy’s liability. Skilled lawyers know how to gather essential evidence, such as prescription records and expert testimonies, that clearly establish how the pharmacy error led to the injury. They also understand how to maximize both economic and non-economic damages, ensuring that all present and future medical costs, lost wages, and pain and suffering are fully accounted for in the claim. Additionally, experienced attorneys are skilled negotiators who are often familiar with the strategies of defense teams and insurance companies, allowing them to counter low settlement offers and push for higher compensation.
Sample Pharmacy Settlements & Verdicts
Below are example doctor and pharmacy malpractice settlements and verdicts. Why are there not more court cases involving Baltimore pharmacies? So many of these cases settle with strict confidentiality clauses. Few pharmacy malpractice cases go to trial in Baltimore because good cases almost invariably settle.
- Wesley v. Lakewood Pharmacy (Washington 2023) $21,476: Plaintiff went to the defendant’s pharmacy to fill her prescriptions. The plaintiff contended the pharmacist gave her an erroneous prescription for Alprazolam (Xanax), which was not prescribed by her physician. The plaintiff took the medication for several days before collapsing.
- Goosman v. Medicine Mart (Washington 2022) $26,233: The plaintiff went to the defendant pharmacy to get a prescription for his cat filled. The pharmacy mixed the wrong compound for the prescription and the cat died as a result of taking the wrong medication. The plaintiff sued for emotional damages.
- N.C. v. Mabel’s Pharmacy (New Jersey 2022) $33,000: a minor male, suffering from pre-existing fever and vomiting, allegedly suffered a seizure because he ingested the antipsychotic medicine Risperdal provided to him by defendant Mabel’s Pharmacy, when the defendant was supposed to have filled a prescription for Zofran, Motrin and Zantac.
- Bennett v. Wells Pharmacy (Florida 2019) $4.96 million: A woman suffered pelvic floor pain, clitoral enlargement, and clitoral hood fusion after receiving the wrong dosage of testosterone cypionate. Her physician prescribed a 20 mg/ml dosage. Instead, the pharmacy dispensed 200 mg/ml but labeled it as 20 mg/ml. She injected the medication and followed the instructions. Ten weeks later, the pharmacy sent the woman a letter admitting they provided the wrong dosage. They admitted filling the wrong dosage but denied causation. The woman received a $4,962,600 judgment.
- Wilson v. Walgreens (Connecticut 2019) $153,003: A 52-year-old woman was prescribed 50 mg doses of clomipramine to treat her obsessive-compulsive disorder. Instead, the pharmacy provided her 50 mg doses of clomifene, a fertility drug. After three months of taking clomifene, she discovered the pharmacy’s error. She suffered various side effects including dysphoria, ovarian cysts, lower back pain, abdominal bloating. Her ovarian cysts increased her risk of developing ovarian cancer. Her pharmacy lawsuit that the pharmacist should have noticed that a psychiatrist prescribed the medication, not a fertility specialist. They also alleged that the clomifene dose provided was also significantly higher than usual. The jury awarded the woman $153,003.
- Cox v Comprehensive Pharmacy Serv. (Illinois 2017) $1.5 million: 62-year-old Plaintiff died after a brain infarction was caused by prescription painkiller drug Dilaudid which was filled by the defendant pharmacy. Doctors at the hospital realized the danger the drug might pose and sent an emergency stop order instructing the pharmacy not to fill the prescription. The pharmacy claimed that they never received the stop order. A jury found that the pharmacy was negligent in failing to have proper procedures set up to receive stop orders.
- Infant Plaintiff v Defendant Pharmacy (New York 2017) $225,000: This is a pharmacy technician lawsuit, a case our lawyers rarely see. The pharmacy was supposed to mix the prescribed dosage of Clonidine for infant patient. The pharmacy technician mistakenly used micrograms instead of milligrams, resulting in 1000 times the prescribed dosage strength. Despite being hospitalized for 11 days, the infant patient did not have any clear permanent injuries as a result of the dosage error. The plaintiff’s tried to argue he was at increased risk of certain conditions in the future. Case settled prior to trial.
- Lewis v Walgreens (Texas 2017) $250,000: This wrong drug error case result from a brand name confusion between 2 drugs. Plaintiff was supposed to get Thiothixene but instead, the pharmacy gave her Thiothixene with Amlodipine Besylate, which is a different drug. With no permanent injuries, the case settled for $250,000.
- Hall v Miller Pharmacy (New York 2018) $325,000: In this wrong dosage case, the plaintiff was prescribed 5mg of methadone but the pharmacy gave him 10mg pills of methadone by mistake. The lawsuit alleged that plaintiff died from an overdose as a result of the mistake, but the pharmacy contended that he actually died from an overdose of several different drugs. The case settled before trial.
- Blanco v Bourgeois (Louisiana 2015) $1.2 million: Plaintiff has a prescription for the arrhythmia drug Tambocor, but for several months the pharmacy was incorrectly giving him Nortriptyline. Nortriptyline is an anti-depressant that is known to cause heart arrhythmia (the same condition the patient’s medication was supposed to treat). As a result, the plaintiff’s irregular heartbeat condition got much worse and eventually caused permanent heart and brain damage. The pharmacy admitted negligence in giving him the wrong drug but disputed his injuries and causation. A jury found in favor of the plaintiff and awarded $1.2 million.
- JP v Walgreens (Illinois 2016): In this wrongful dosage case the pharmacy gave a 14-year-old patient 100mg pills of Amitriptyline when her prescription was only for 10mg pills. Plaintiff did not have any clear permanent injuries, but the high dosage caused her significant pain and suffering for several months. The pharmacy admitted liability but disputed damages. The jury in Chicago awarded $350,000.
Contact Miller & Zois About Pharmacy Malpractice
The malpractice lawyers at Miller & Zois handle medication error cases including lawsuits against pharmacies for prescription errors. Our law firm only handles pharmacy lawsuit cases where there is a meaningful injury or death. If you or a family member has been injured as a result of a pharmacy error, call us at 800-553-8082 or get a free online consultation.
More Resources
- Can a pharmacist refill an expired prescription? I pharmacist can refill without a prescription under certain circumstances. Here is what they are under Maryland law.
- Medication error wrongful death cases in Maryland
- Nursing home patients are probably the most common victims of prescription errors. This is an example of a nursing home prescription error case filed in Maryland.
- This is a medication error lawsuit filed in Baltimore against Johns Hopkins