Animal-Related Car Accident Claims

Have you been hurt in a collision with an animal? As surprising as such an accident is to the motorist involved, sadly such an occurrence is not uncommon. This is especially true in a state like Maryland where much of our land is rural.

Overview

Wandering farm animals and pets, particularly on country roads, often turn into deadly roadblocks. Maryland also has the third-highest deer population in the country, behind Pennsylvania and Western Virginia, making deer another potential hazard for motorists. Michigan and Texas see fewer deer but perennially rank high on the list of animal-related car accidents. Maryland ranks 13th in the nation in animal-related accidents, with about 1,500 annually. The average crash with an animal results in nearly $3,000 in damages to the vehicle.

These collisions with livestock, pets, and wild animals can also be deadly. Every year in Maryland, animal-vehicle crashes cause at least one fatality and more than 200 injuries. Farm animals and wild animals can be extremely large, weighing hundreds of pounds. Direct impact with these animals can cause serious injuries and death. Sometimes, even worse, to avoid direct impact, motorists may stop short or suddenly swerve. This leads to serious accidents with other vehicles. This is called secondary impact. Death and permanent debilitating injuries are often the tragic results of such accidents that lead to animal injury claims.

When Are Animal Collision Wrecks with Animals Most Serious?

The following are examples of the types of accidents we see involving animals:

• Head-on collision with a large animal while traveling at a high rate of speed
• Swerving to avoid the animal and striking a tree, fence, or other rigid roadside structure
• Swerving into another lane to avoid the animal, striking another vehicle
• Stopping short to allow an animal to cross into the roadway and being rear-ended by another motorist.

What Are The Kinds of Cases That Lead to Settlements?

Victims in these accidents want to know what they can recover when they are injured in a car accident claim when they collide. The answer is that it depends.

Let’s talk first about the type of claim where you cannot get compensation. A car crashes with a deer or other wild animals if you are the driver of the vehicle. No person or company negligently released the animal – the deer or whatever the wild animal is. You can’t sue the negligent deer. There is no one else to stand behind a claim.

Passengers are often in better shape, but the claim is against the driver. The allegations typically involve speeding or failure to drive prudently in anticipation of all risks, including darting animals. Are these claims viable? It depends on the case. Keep in mind that the defendant needs only to be a cause of the crash, not the sole cause.

The type of viable claims are where the victim was hurt by an animal that should have been restrained. This is usually a wreck with a pet or commercial livestock. In these cases, there are viable claims against the owner of the animal for their failure to properly restrain the animal. It is their negligence that is at issue in that case.

Who Will Pay Any Settlement or Verdict for My Injuries from Hitting an Animal?

On the other hand, if the animal is a pet that was not properly restrained or kept on a leash, there is money behind a claim if the owner of the animal had homeowner’s insurance, renter’s insurance, or some other policy that would cover the loss. People are surprised at how expansive homeowners’ policies can be in this regard.

Of course, if we are dealing with animals owned by a farmer or other commercial entity, there is usually insurance behind these claims. These are the best types of claims for hitting animals in the roadway, and you will see that below in the settlements and verdicts. A cow is rarely on the highway without someone’s negligence contributing to the cow’s escape.

Is Hitting an Animal an At-Fault Accident That Will Cause My Insurance Rates to Rise?

Hitting an animal on the road can be a traumatic experience, and it often leads to confusion about fault and liability. From the perspective of a plaintiff’s attorney, the key question is whether the collision was truly unavoidable or whether someone else’s negligence played a role. When a driver strikes a wild animal, like a deer or moose, it is usually not considered an at-fault accident. These incidents are often labeled as acts of nature. No one owns the animal, and there is generally no reasonable way for the driver to anticipate its presence. In these cases, insurance coverage typically falls under the comprehensive portion of the policy, and the driver is not held liable.

The situation changes when the animal is domestic or farm-owned. If you hit a cow, a horse, or even a dog that wandered into the road, the question becomes whether that animal should have been there in the first place. Livestock and pet owners have a legal duty to protect their animals. They can be held responsible when they fail to do that, and their negligence results in a collision. These are not freak accidents. They are preventable. If a poorly maintained fence allowed a steer to escape onto a public road and that caused a serious crash, the owner should answer for that. In these cases, the driver might not be at fault, and legal action may be necessary to recover full compensation.

There is one more scenario worth addressing. If a driver swerves to avoid an animal and hits a tree, a guardrail, or another car, the insurance company may treat it as an at-fault accident. Even though the instinct to avoid the animal is understandable, insurers often argue that the driver had a duty to maintain control of the vehicle. That kind of logic may seem cold, but it is common. Every case comes down to the details—what type of animal was involved, where the accident happened, what the driver did, and whether the animal’s owner took reasonable steps to prevent the situation.

The take-home message for victims of these accidents is this: not every animal collision is their fault, and they should not assume liability without a closer look. A thorough investigation can reveal negligence that is not immediately obvious, especially when livestock or domestic animals are involved. If you are injured in this kind of crash, it is worth having someone on your side who knows how to ask the right questions and hold the right party accountable.

Can Livestock Use Public Highways?

This sounds like a silly question, right? But, the historical right to travel with livestock on public highways continues in 2021 under Md. Code Ann. Agric. § 3-502. Maryland law requires, however, that the herd must be attended to by a competent person and that warning lights must be used at night. There is even a law specific to those lights. Agric. § 3-503 mandates that front and rear attendants “shall carry a red lighted lantern from 30 minutes after sunset until sunrise to warn all persons approaching the herd so that proper precaution may be taken concerning passing the herd.”

Is There Liability When a Pet Gets Loose and Causes an Accident?

Maryland law is like to find the pet owner negligent if a dog or cat gets loose and causes a car accident? In Hammond v. Robins, a nearly 40-year-old Carroll County case is likely to be instructive to a Maryland court. In that case, a dog ran in front of two people on a tandem bicycle. The court sustained a $19,108 just verdict finding the dog’s owner responsible, ruling that all the law requires is that “the owner’s negligence be the proximate cause of the injury which could reasonably have been anticipated; it is not necessary to have foreseen the particular injury which did happen, or the exact manner in which the injury occurred.”

Verdicts and Settlements in Animal Collision Cases

The following are some examples of jury awards for victims of a collision with an animal:

• Texas: $3,170,000 Verdict. A 63-year-old struck a cow that wandered onto the road at night. He sustained a traumatic brain injury. The man experienced cognitive difficulties, memory issues, and personality changes. He could no longer work as a maritime pilot. The man alleged negligence against the cow’s owner. He claimed they knowingly allowed livestock to exit the property unattended. The man received $3,170,000.
• Virginia: $5,000,000 Settlement. A woman hit a deer. She pulled over. Two other people also pulled over to assist her. They turned on their emergency flashers. The three stood on the median. While calling 9-1-1, another vehicle fatally struck them. The surviving families alleged negligence against the at-fault driver. They claimed they failed to maintain an appropriate lookout. This case settled for $5,000,000.
• South Carolina: $5,500 Settlement. A 39-year-old woman rode in a vehicle that struck a deer. She injured her neck and back. The woman underwent chiropractic care for two months. She alleged negligence against her driver. The woman claimed he failed to watch the road. She received a $5,500 settlement.
•  New York: $23,500 Settlement. A woman was a passenger in a vehicle that hit a deer. She suffered severe injuries. The woman sustained permanent pain, disability, disfigurement, and bodily function. Her injuries affected her ability to work. The woman alleged negligence against her driver. She claimed she had unsafely operated her vehicle. This case settled for $23,500.
• Washington: $270,000 Settlement. A 30-year-old man was a passenger in a vehicle that hit a deer. His driver pulled over. The two stood on the shoulder of the lane while waiting for a tow truck. The tow truck arrived and stopped behind their vehicle. Another vehicle swerved to avoid a collision. However, it hit the man. He suffered a neck fracture, a shoulder fracture, a knee tear, and a scalp laceration. The man underwent surgery on his shoulder and knee. He alleged negligence against the at-fault driver. The man claimed he failed to maintain an appropriate lookout. This case settled for $270,000.
• Texas: $3,170,000 Verdict. A 63-year-old man struck a cow that had wandered onto the road at night. He sustained a traumatic brain injury and suffered from cognitive deficits, memory loss, and personality changes. As a result, he could no longer work as a maritime pilot. The plaintiff alleged that the cow’s owner negligently allowed livestock to roam freely without containment. The jury awarded $3,170,000.
• Mississippi: $210,000 Verdict. A driver traveling at night on a rural highway hit a cow that had escaped from a nearby farm. The crash caused significant damage to the vehicle and resulted in spinal and soft-tissue injuries to the plaintiff. The cow’s owner denied responsibility, arguing the fence had been properly maintained. The jury disagreed, awarding $210,000 in damages.
• Florida: $975,000 Settlement. At night, a woman struck a black cow standing on an unlit rural road. She sustained multiple fractures and internal injuries. The cow’s owner had previous citations for failing to secure livestock. Evidence showed that the fencing was poorly maintained and had gaps. Her settlement after hitting that cow was nearly $1 million, undercoring how serious these cow accident claims can be.
• North Carolina: $57,000 Settlement.  A pickup truck collided with a cow on a local highway, injuring two occupants. The cow’s owner claimed that vandals had opened the gate, but an investigation by smart lawyers revealed long-standing fencing issues. The insurance company representing the farm agreed to a $57,000 settlement to avoid trial.

Getting a Lawyer For Your Claim

If you or someone you care for has been injured in a car wreck caused by an animal in the roadway, contact the attorneys at Miller & Zois right away. We are highly experienced Maryland accident attorneys who have won verdicts and settlements for victims of all types of car accidents. We are here to guide you through the legal process, and we will do our very best to secure a positive outcome for you and your family. Call 800-553-8082 or contact us online.

Related Articles and Samples

• New York Times article that explains well the problem of animals on our highways
• How much money can I expect for my case?
• Overview of vehicle accident cases in the Baltimore-Washington area
• Guiding fellow attorneys through tort claims: a step-by-step guide